According to the U.S. Census Bureau, the Hanover County has a total area of 474 square miles, of which, 473 square miles of it is land and 1 square miles of it is water. It is bounded on the north by Spotsylvania, Caroline and King William counties; on the south by Goochland and Henrico counties; on the east by New Kent County; and on the west by Louisa County.